• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to an at least partially removable anchoring device, which comprises at least one traction element (4) or a plurality of traction elements (4) and one or more induction generating devices (2). The induction generating device (2) is arranged directly beside said traction element (4) or said traction elements (4).
    公开号:CH711029B1
    申请号:CH01125/16
    申请日:2014-02-25
    公开日:2018-06-15
    发明作者:Egger Philipp
    申请人:Vsl Int Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description
    TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to an assembly for an anchoring device at least partially removable with an anchoring body, comprising at least one traction element and an induction generating device. In addition, the invention also relates to an anchoring device.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Anchoring devices, such as prestressed anchors, anchors sealed in the ground or rock, are frequently used during the construction of buildings, bridges, tunnels and the like. Sometimes anchors are used permanently to stabilize the building in relation to the land surrounding the building. Such permanent anchors are frequently encountered in tunnel heads, near bridgeheads and at steep slopes, particularly in difficult terrain (such as a poor or slippery basement). Here, the anchor is mounted and remains in the ground for a long time, usually for the life of the building or structure that needs to be stabilized.
    However, temporary anchors are sometimes necessary during construction work. For example, if a building is built in an urban area, a building search must be dug, for example to make a cellar and / or an underground car park. Here, the construction excavation must be stabilized by temporary excavation wall coatings that must be anchored in the ground surrounding the construction. However, as construction progresses, the forces acting on the temporary walls of the excavation may be subsequently taken over by the building being constructed (in particular concrete slabs or the like). Since, particularly in urban areas, the piece of land on which the building is built must be used regularly as efficiently as possible, anchoring devices will usually extend into the building's property. neighbor. This is usually accepted as long as this intervention on the neighboring property is only temporary in nature. To this end, anchors are needed which can be at least partially removed when they are no longer needed.
    The prestressed anchors (regardless of whether they are permanent or temporary) are usually made of a bar, a strand or a bundle of cables or strands arranged in parallel, which are usually made of steel that can be constrained. These tension elements act as traction elements. Next to the supporting structure that needs to be stabilized, what is called an anchor head is connected to the one or more traction elements that also rest on the structure. Typically, an anchor plate is arranged between the anchor head and the support structure to distribute forces more evenly. Inside the anchor, in the section that is adjacent to the anchor head, the one or more traction elements are first guided through a single or common cladding duct, surrounding the traction element (s). , so that the one or more traction elements are not directly in contact with the surrounding ground. In this section, the element (s) may be elongated freely such that a suitable pulling force can be provided. At the other end of the anchor, opposite the anchor head, the traction element or elements extend in an anchoring body which may include, as regards the transmission of the force, none, one or more anchor units. The anchor body is used to transfer the forces of the traction element (s) into the ground. Typically, the anchor body is made from one or more tensile elements bonding to a filler material that transfers the force to the ground. The filler material may be an injected grout that has been pressed into the borehole and the surrounding soil.
    [0005] Essentially, there are two characteristic designs of an anchoring device. According to a first design, the traction element or elements are connected to the anchoring body over the entire length of the anchoring body. According to a second design, the sheathing conduit (s) extends through a main portion of the anchor body, such that the at least one traction member (s) contacts the anchor body only at the tip extreme anchor body. Depending on the pulling force, several anchoring units could be distributed along the length of the anchoring body to achieve a regular force transmission in a soil transmission zone.
    If the anchor is intended to be removable, it is necessary to cut the traction element or elements after use. This should preferably be done near the transition zone where the one or more traction elements leave the cladding duct and come into direct contact with the material of the anchoring body. Since this section is located deep inside the borehole, particular means must be used so that the section of the traction element or elements can be made.
    The anchoring body that remains inevitably in the ground is not problematic, since such an anchor body typically has the size of a piece of rock frequently encountered. Therefore, if the neighboring property is intended to be covered by a building in the future, no serious problem will be encountered.
    [0008] According to the state of the art, various suggestions for achieving this have already been made. For example, according to the specification of the German patent DE 19 500 091 C1, it has been proposed to remove the traction element or elements of an anchor by the achievement of predetermined breaking points by a mechanical or thermal weakening of the element or elements of traction on a given length. To remove the anchor, the traction element or elements can be torn off by increasing the tensile load on the traction element or elements. However, this proposal has significant disadvantages. For example, the loss of (intentional) resistance of the one or more traction elements must be compensated for by additional traction elements which are correspondingly weakened. Another disadvantage lies in the fact that the weakened traction element or elements tear, typically, abruptly and do not have sufficient elongation just before breaking. It is obvious that such behavior of an anchor is not desired for security reasons.
    [0009] Another suggestion has been made in DE 3,400,350 A1, where it is suggested to cut the tensile element (s) by heating and melting with the aid of thermite or a similar reaction mixture. Since the device with the reaction mixture must be supplied during the introduction of the anchor, the amount of reaction mixture is somewhat limited depending on geometrical facts. It may happen that due to inhomogeneities in the soil, the amount typically supplied as a reaction mixture will not be sufficient. This may result in the traction element (s) not being completely cut. This is of course not desired.
    Another suggestion has been made in the specification of Swiss patent CH 603 919 A5. Here, it is suggested to heat the traction element (s) by means of an induction coil until, due to induction, the traction element (s) are cut and can be removed from the drilling. According to the document, the induction coil is arranged between a flexible thermal insulation pipe and an external thermal insulation covered by a sealing strip. In addition, asbestos cement is used at both axial ends of the induction coil. However, a disadvantage of the described design is that the induction coil is placed and integrated at one end of the common cladding duct and that there therefore remains a volume between the traction element or elements and the common cladding duct. Unless special means for sealing are used, water can accumulate in the volume between the one or more traction elements and the common sheath duct near the induction coil. This has the effect that when the induction coil is switched on, water must first be evaporated before the pulling element (s) eventually heat up to a higher temperature. In this way, it takes a longer period for the withdrawal of the anchor, where the time required to remove the anchor can be changed erratically or, in fact, sufficient heating or traction elements becomes impossible.
    To further improve the withdrawal of the anchor, according to the European patent application EP 0 583 725 A1, it has been suggested to use a metal tube between the induction coil and the traction element or elements, the metal tube being made of austenitic material. By using the additional metal tube between the one or more traction elements and the induction coil, it is possible to heat the inductive traction element (s) to the Curie temperature (768 ° C). A disadvantage of this design is that the design is more expensive and more complicated. In addition, the heating of the traction element or elements by thermal conductivity between the additional metal tube and the traction element or elements is very inhomogeneous. Therefore, the one or more traction elements which are in the center of the cross section of the traction element bundle are heated with a delay, resulting in an irregular failure failure of the traction element or elements. In addition, the anchor according to EP 0583 725 A1 does not include internal sealing. As a result, the same water problems accumulated in the body of the anchor appear and sufficient heating of the traction element (s) can become impossible.
    Finally, the specification of Swiss patent CH 702 926 B9 discloses an anchor which can be partially removed from the ground, an induction coil being arranged around a support tube which is non-electrically conductive. The area between the induction coil and a breaking point of the one or more traction elements remains free of an electrically conductive metal tube or sleeve. Again, inhomogeneous heating or traction elements is possible and may complicate the removal of the anchor. In addition, this assembly is expensive and installation takes a long time since the support tube, with the induction coil, must be held in place while the injection material solidifies. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0013] Therefore, there is still a need for an improvement of removable anchors. In particular, it is desired to have an anchor whose design is less complex and less expensive. In addition, it is desired to have removable anchors, where the removal can be performed more reliably.
    An object of the invention therefore relates to the improvement of an assembly for an anchoring device at least partially removable so that it has advantageous characteristics compared to the means or devices for current anchors at less partially removable which are known in the state of the art. Another object of the invention concerns the improvement of an anchoring device, in particular of an at least partly removable anchoring device which has advantageous characteristics with respect to the anchoring devices (anchoring devices with less partially removable) which are known in the state of the art.
    The object of the invention is achieved in particular by virtue of an assembly for an at least partially removable anchoring device having an anchoring body, comprising at least one traction element and a device for generating induction of such that said induction generating device is arranged at least partially directly adjacent said at least one traction element. The traction element or elements may in particular comprise a bar, a cable or a cable assembly, such as a strand. The expression "directly adjacent" or, alternatively, "directly adjacent" means in particular that no additional device which is a structural part of an anchoring device is arranged between the induction generating device and the traction element or elements. In particular, no additional tube, no additional metal tube or sleeve or no cladding duct separates the induction generating device and the one or more traction elements. In other words, the induction generating device may be in direct contact with the one or more traction elements (or some of them). However, it is possible for a space or a clearance to be located between the induction generating device and the at least one traction element, at least in an "initial phase" where the two parts are assembled and mounted in a borehole. The space or clearance, filled with grout in a later phase of the installation, respectively by the injection of the anchoring device, may for example provide thermal insulation between the traction element or elements and parts of the device. induction generation. The assembly can be done either at the plant or in a storage space at the construction site, or immediately before mounting the anchor in a borehole directly at the construction site. However, it is possible that during a "preparatory step" before anchor implantation or during the method of anchoring the anchor into the borehole, the at least one traction element may be modified in such a way that the induction generating device and the one or more traction elements are brought into direct contact with each other. The position of the induction generating device on the traction element or elements can thus for example be fixed.
    It should be noted that the induction generating device may include some stabilizing elements. For example, it is possible that the induction generating device, particularly in the case where it is designed as an electrical conductor loop, a coil or the like, comprises any clamping element. This clamping member could be a heat-shrinkable tape, sleeve or tape, cable tie, or the like. The clamping element may be arranged around and / or on the outside and / or on the radial interior of the electrical conductor loops. It is also possible that the induction generating device comprises any stabilizing resin through which the electrical conductors are connected to each other. Of course, in addition or alternatively, it is possible that the rigidity of the electrical conductors of the induction generating device is chosen such that the induction generating device is mechanically stable.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the induction generating device may comprise one or more electrical conductor loops. It has been proven that electrical conductor loops are a particularly simple and effective way to generate electrical induction. In addition, the shape of an electrical conductor loop is suggested by the external shape of a characteristic traction element or a bundle of traction elements, which usually has an approximately circumferential or even circular shape.
    In addition, it is suggested, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, to design an assembly for an at least partially removable anchoring device, comprising at least one traction element and a device for generating power. induction such that said induction generating device is designed as a separate device, in particular separately from said at least one traction element. Preferably, the induction generating device is designed as a device that can be managed separately, independently of other means of the anchor device. Of course, the induction generating device can be arranged with connection and sealing to power supply lines. Advantageously, electrical conductor loops of the induction generating device can be made by a power supply cable which is mounted directly on the traction element, on supports, on a spacer to maintain the distance between the induction generation and the surrounding ground of the borehole and / or on a spacer device for moving the traction elements away from a bundle of traction elements.
    In particular, according to a preferred embodiment, the induction generating device can be designed separately from a cladding duct, a support tube or the like. In this way, the design of the overall assembly can be particularly simple and the arrangement can be completed at any time, including immediately before mounting the anchor in the borehole directly at the construction site. Relative positioning of the induction generating device on the traction element or on a bundle of traction elements can be achieved by mechanical contact between two of these, for example by moving the traction elements by a device spacer. Positioning can also be achieved by mechanical contact with additional elements, such as spacers or supports. In particular, the contact may be in the form of contact with a tight fit. If the induction generating device is arranged inside an anchoring body, the anchoring body, for example an injected grout which hardens after the injection, can even be used to seal the volume zone of the induction generating device from outside, in particular to prevent water from reaching the induction generating device. A particularly preferred aspect is that the material of the anchoring body (eg grout) can come into direct contact with the induction generating device. This can support thermal insulation between the one or more traction elements and the induction generating device. Particularly simple and effective handling of the anchoring device can also be achieved. It should be noted in particular that because of the absence of the support tube and / or because of the arrangement of the induction generating device at a position slightly spaced from the end of the cladding duct on the side of the anchor body or directly into sealing element of the common cladding duct, the design is simpler and more efficient.
    According to a preferred embodiment, said induction generating device comprises an electric conductor loop, preferably an electric coil. In other words, it could also be said that a (plurality of) loop (s) of electrical conductor is designed as an electric coil (in this way, a plurality of loops is realized). With such an arrangement, the efficiency of the assembly can be improved. In particular, it is possible to achieve a high induction with a relatively small electric current. This has the advantageous effect that the cross-section of the electrical conductors, in particular electrical conductors for supplying the induction generation device with electrical energy, such as the aforementioned power supply cable, may have a relatively small cross-section without any risk of significant damage to said conductors due to overcurrent. In this way, the reliability can be improved and / or the cost of the assembly can be reduced. Material costs for electrical conductors are smaller; copper which is used regularly for these electrical conductors is relatively expensive.
    In addition, as regards the anchor force, it is suggested to design the assembly with one or more electrical conductor loops (which can be arranged one above the other, in particular to design it with an electric coil comprising a plurality of layers). In this way, it is possible to introduce a strong electric induction field in a small volume, in particular over a short length of the traction element or the bundle of traction elements. In this way, a reliable cut of the one or more traction elements can be achieved with a relatively small amount of electrical power. The electrical conductor for the loops can be essentially of any type. In particular, it is possible to use heat-resistant electrical cables. However, if a protective material (for example a grout) is used for the conductor loops, it is also possible to use standard electrical cables of the trade, having a plastic insulation which surrounds the electrical cable, for example PVC.
    It is possible to design the assembly with traction elements as generally known, a traction element comprising a plurality of cables. Generally, a traction element comprises seven cables, for example pre-stressed steel, which are stranded (braided) with each other.
    It is also possible to design the assembly with at least one support element, in particular to replace a traction element. Sometimes the load capacity must be individually adapted to the construction site. This can be achieved by a simple variation of the number of traction elements within an anchoring device. In order to be able to maintain a symmetrical arrangement of a traction element within a bundle of traction elements in the area of the induction coil, the "missing" traction element can be replaced by substitution elements. Such a substitution element may in particular be a device which is not magnetic and which has a significantly lower mechanical load capacity, particularly with respect to the tension forces. However, this substitution element must still have a sufficiently high load capacity with respect to its stability in maintaining its cross section. By way of example, such a substitution element may comprise, or be constructed from, a plastic material, fiberglass materials or the like. The substitution element may have a massive or hollow design.
    According to a preferred embodiment, said induction generating device is designed so that the shape of at least some of its parts is preserved, in particular by the use of a clamping element and or a rigid electrical conductor and / or a stabilizing resin. In this way, the assembly of the induction generating device can be facilitated, particularly if no particular tool is to be used for the arrangement.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the assembly is designed such that said induction generating device is arranged with a clearance with respect to said one or more traction elements. In this way, the introduction of the induction generating device on the traction element or elements can be facilitated significantly. Of course, it is possible that at a later stage, the induction generating device may come into contact with the one or more traction members, particularly in close fit contact. This can occur in particular if, in a bundle of traction elements, the traction elements are spread apart for attachment to an anchoring body.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the assembly for an anchoring device is at least partially removable and the anchoring device are respectively designed such that they comprise at least one duct cladding. By the use of a common cladding duct, the one or more traction elements can be solicited by a tension force in a homogeneous manner, even if the anchoring device is mounted in the borehole. This is because no direct interaction between the grout and the pulling member (s) occurs over the length of the cladding duct. With such an arrangement, the resulting anchoring device can transmit high voltage forces and, furthermore, the reliability of the anchoring device can be improved. The common cladding duct may also advantageously be used as a conduit for power supply lines or even supply lines for another purpose, by acting as a conduit for such lines, for example if they are arranged inside the common cladding duct. But even if the power supply lines or other respective supply lines are arranged outside the common cladding duct, the common cladding duct can act as a type of "stabilizing device" for said cladding lines. food. In this way, the stability of the respective feed lines can also be increased. In another preferred embodiment, a sealing member may be located at the end of the common cladding duct on the anchor body side of the anchor.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the assembly and the anchoring device, respectively, are designed such that they comprise a plurality of traction elements and at least one spacer device to separate these elements. traction. Preferably, but not necessarily, each individual traction element is positioned in a single cladding duct which protects each individual traction element from adverse environmental conditions. The advantage of the spacer device and the spacing of the traction elements is that each of the traction elements can be separated and moved away from the others. Thus, the mechanical stability of the traction members within an anchor body can be increased, particularly with regard to the forces that can be transmitted. At the same time, such spacing may be used for an arrangement with a tight fit and / or centering of the induction generating device on the respective part of the traction element or a bundle of traction elements. In this way, a defined relative position of the induction generating device and the traction element or a bundle of traction elements can be achieved. In particular, the spacing can be achieved by bending the individual traction elements radially outwards. In particular, the spacing of the individual traction elements of a braided traction arrangement comprising a plurality of traction elements can be defeated along the length of the anchoring body. Several spacers may be used along the length of the anchor body, as explained below. In addition, between two expansion zones along the length of the anchor body, each comprising a spacer device, a grouping area may be formed by a grouping device, which puts the traction elements in bundles.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the assembly and the anchoring device, respectively, are designed such that said spacing device is arranged next to said induction generating device, the spacing of said elements. traction causing a centering of said induction generating device relative to the one or more traction elements. In this way, a particularly strong mechanical attachment of the traction elements in the anchoring body can be obtained. At the same time, a particularly large amount of the resulting removable anchoring device can be removed once the induction generating device is used.
    In addition, according to a preferred embodiment, the assembly and the anchoring device, respectively, are designed with a spacer element, such as a spacer or a spacer, arranged around the device. of induction generation. The spacer substantially surrounds the induction generating device circumferentially around the traction member or tractive element bundle to maintain a certain distance from the environment, such as the borehole. The spacer member may be constructed as a cage-like grid which is placed on the traction member or traction element bundle and which includes an enlarged central portion with an enlarged diameter.
    In particular, the assembly and the anchoring device, respectively, may be designed such that an end of said one or more traction elements comprises an anchor head and an anchor plate and a body of anchor. anchorage is located at the other end, as explained above. In this way, it is very easy to keep in place a (temporary) sidewall coating for a building excavation. In addition, the resulting anchoring device can be used exactly as anchoring devices, previously known in the state of the art, or for example also for compression anchors, as explained below.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the assembly and the anchoring device, respectively, are designed such that said traction element or said bundle of traction elements at one end are designed for connection with the least one compression anchor unit. In this case, the anchor is designed as a compression type anchor. Compression anchors are part of the same anchor body. A compression anchor unit has an anchor head for attaching the one or more traction members and a device for applying the force into the anchor body. For example, a compression fitting or wedge anchor and anchor plate may be used, as is generally known. Preferably, the anchoring body of such a compression type anchor comprises a plurality of compression anchoring units, each of the units fixing only a fraction of the number of traction elements of the anchoring device. Thus, a plurality of compression anchoring units are aligned one behind the other in the traction direction, preferably (with respect to the ground conditions) at an equal distance from each other and distribute the tensile force in different zones in floor. Each compression anchoring unit comprises an anchor piece, such as an anchor plate, a cast body having a particular shape or the like, which transmits the forces of the one or more traction members to the anchor body. The induction generating device, in particular an electrical conductor loop, is advantageously applied near or at the anchor piece of each of the compression anchor units. Thus, after disconnection or traction elements, only the compression anchoring unit and the hardened grout of the anchor body remain in the construction field.
    During the mounting of the anchoring device, the sealing material enters between the induction generating device and its environment in such a way that a thermal insulation of the induction generation device with respect to the element or to the elements of traction is achieved. The induction generating device is also protected against the ingress of water. In addition, although not necessary and generally not used with this type of anchor, it is not completely excluded that a spacer (similar to that used with the other anchor type) is also used for centering the induction generating device in the borehole so that the seal is arranged evenly around induction generating device.
    In addition, according to a preferred embodiment, spacers may be used to maintain a little space between the induction generating device and the traction element or elements in order to achieve a certain thermal insulation between the surface. internal of the induction generating device and the one or more traction elements. This is particularly advantageous in the case where electrical cables having a PVC covering can be used.
    In addition, when the anchoring body of an anchoring device is placed in an area provided with a soil or loose or friable rock and / or in groundwater that flows or stagnant, the assembly with the induction generating device and one or more traction elements can, if necessary, be wrapped in a separating material. In particular, this separation material (e.g., sewn geotextile fabric) can be used along the length of the anchor body to prevent loss of even grouting of the anchor body during injection and curing.
    Another aspect of the present invention relates to the anchoring device comprising a device for an anchor at least partially removable according to the foregoing description. In particular, the anchoring device is designed as an anchoring device at least partially removable. The resulting anchoring device may have the same characteristics and advantages or features and advantages at least similar to those of the device described above. In addition, the anchoring device can be modified in light of the information given above.
    Brief Description of the Drawings [0036] The invention will become clearer in the making with reference to the following description of the embodiments of the present invention together with the accompanying figures. The figures show:
    Fig. 1: a first possible embodiment of a prestressed anchoring device comprising an induction coil in a schematic cross section;
    Fig. 2: an enlarged view of the area around the induction coil of the prestressing anchor according to FIG. 1 in a schematic cross section;
    Fig. 3: a second possible embodiment of a prestressed anchor device comprising a plurality of induction coils and a plurality of compression anchor units in a schematic cross section;
    Fig. 4: an enlarged view of the zone around the induction coil and the compression anchoring unit of the prestressing anchor according to FIG. 3 in a schematic cross section;
    Fig. 4a to 4d: possible arrangements of induction coils with respect to a bundle of traction elements in schematic cross-sections; and
    Fig. 5a to 5b: possible arrangements for traction elements in a common cladding duct and for support tubes and / or lines in schematic cross-sections.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0037] FIG. 1 represents, in a schematic cross-section, a first possible embodiment of a prestressed anchoring device 1 partially removable in a prestressed state comprising an induction generating device in the form of an induction coil 2. The pre-stressed anchoring device 1 comprises a bundle 3 of traction elements 4 at its center. Here, it is important to emphasize that the bundle 3 of traction elements 4 may be a conventional preload reinforcement made of strands, that is to say an assembly of several prestressed steel cables which are stranded together. However, another bundle 3 of traction elements 4 can also be imagined, so that the invention is not limited to these strands. The beam 3 of traction elements 4 connects an anchor head 5 and an anchoring body 7 to each other. The beam 3 of traction elements 4 is under tension stress, so that the anchor head 5 and the anchor body 7 are pulled towards each other. In this way, the anchor head 5 which rests on an anchor plate 6 can exert a force on a support structure to be stabilized, in this case a temporary sidewall coating 8 of a construction excavation. The anchor body 7 consists mainly of the grout that has been injected in a liquid or pasty state through a borehole 9 which has been prepared using a suitable drill bit. As soon as the side walls of the building excavation no longer need to be secured, for example due to the advancement of the construction of the building itself, the sidewall coatings 8 together with at least the main parts of the building devices. Prestressed anchors lose their necessity and parts of pretensioned anchors can be removed.
    The total length I of the prestressing anchor device 1 can be divided into the free anchor length h and the anchor length 12. In the section of the anchoring device 1 in the free anchor length h, the traction elements 4 are guided in a single, and / or common sheath duct 15, so as to ensure that the traction elements 4 do not interact with the cured grout that has been injected to form the anchor body 7. Due to this design with single cladding ducts and / or a common cladding duct, the tensile force is distributed approximately regular and homogeneous over the free length h of the prestressed anchor device 1, a feature that is regularly desired. In addition to the common cladding duct 10, each of the individual pulling members 4 can be further positioned within a single cladding duct, as shown in FIG. 2.
    In the anchoring device section 1 prestressed in the anchoring length 12, however, the traction elements 4 come into direct contact with the anchoring body 7. Of course, certain transitions are provided, such as so that the end of the common cladding duct 10 is sealed by a sealing member 22, preferably heated bitumen, to prevent penetration of the injection liquid. The common cladding duct may extend into the anchor body 7 over a short distance (as shown in Fig. 1). If necessary, to make a mechanically more stable contact between the traction element 4 and the anchoring body 7, the bundle 3 of traction elements 4 can be separated into individual traction elements 4, as can be seen in FIG. fig. 1. To achieve this separation, a spacing device 11 and used.
    In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, the induction coil 2 rests directly on the traction elements 4 (or some of them) of the bundle 3 of traction elements 4. Initially, for the assembly of the induction coil 2, there is a clearance between the inner radial surface of the induction coil 2 and the outer radial surface of the tractive element bundle 3. However, in the ready-to-use state of the anchoring device 1, the traction elements 4 individual beam 3 are already spaced to some extent even upstream of the spacing device 11. In fact, the spacing device 11 may be placed at a distance from the induction coil 2 during the installation of the anchoring device 1, so that there is contact with a direct tight fit between the induction coil 2 and the traction elements 4. Therefore, the position of the induction coil 2 on the elements of traction 4 is fixed e and further centered.
    As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the induction generating device 2 may be mounted slightly away from the end of the common cladding duct and / or single cladding ducts on the side of the anchor body 7. However, it is also conceivable to mount the induction generating device 2 directly in the common cladding duct 10 alone or in combination with the sealing element 22 of the common cladding duct 10.
    FIG. 2 shows a detail of the general configuration of the anchoring device of FIG. 1. In addition to the embodiment of FIG. 1, but not required, a spacer 20 is arranged around the induction coil 2 to maintain a distance between the induction coil 2 and its environment, such as the wall of the borehole 9. L spacer 20 also centers the bundle 3 of traction elements 4 and the induction coil 2 in the borehole 9. The space around the induction coil 2 between the bundle 3 of elements of the traction 4 and the inner side of the spacer 20 can be filled with grout. This provides a seal in such a way that there is no water that penetrates towards the bundle 3 of traction elements 4 from the outside and provides thermal insulation with respect to the environment of the induction coil 2. The spacer element 20 may be made of a grid-like element with a central portion projecting from a large diameter and small diameter end portions which for example rest on the conduit. The grout can enter the spacer element 20 via the grid. In addition, when the anchor body 7 is in an area of loose or friable soil or rock and / or groundwater that is flowing or stagnant, all or part of the anchor body may further be wrapped with a separating material which is arranged to prevent loss of grout due to dripping or leaching. This separating material may preferably be a sewn geotextile fabric to form a closed bag at one end or the like, but other shapes and designs are also possible.
    When parts of the anchoring device 1 must be removed (see description above), an electric current is introduced into the induction coil 2. For example, depending on the number of traction elements, an electric current of a frequency of 0.1 kHz to 40 kHz may be used. For the supply of the induction coil 2, electrical conductors 12 are used which are arranged in the embodiment shown here in the common cladding duct. But other arrangements are also possible. By applying such a frequency, the metal of the traction elements 4 is heated by electrical induction. Since the maximum mechanical load that a traction element 4 can receive without breaking depends strongly on the temperature and since a significant tension force is present on the traction elements 4, a relatively low temperature is sufficient to cause a rupture of the traction elements 4 in the vicinity of the induction coil 2. After breaking of the traction elements 4, the greater part of the anchoring device 1 can be removed, for example the entire length of free anchor h of the 4, the anchor head 5 and the anchor plate 6. The anchor body 7 can remain in position and should not be removed in this embodiment. However, the cross-section of an anchor body 7 does not typically exceed the size of a characteristic stone, so that this will not pose a significant problem for the construction work that could be carried out later in this zoned.
    By way of example, experiments have shown that a temperature of 300 ° C. is usually sufficient to cause a rupture of the pretensioned traction elements 4 under realistic conditions. This is still much lower than the Curie temperature which is in the range around 760 ° C for the prestressed steel of a composition which is usually used for tensile elements.
    As can be seen in the embodiment of FIG. 1 (and similarly in Fig. 2), the common liner 10 terminates well before the induction coil 2. Therefore, the induction coil 2 will be completely enclosed by the hardened body grout. anchoring 7. This will also be the case for the embodiment of FIG. 2, comprising the spacer element 20 around the induction coil 2 to provide a certain filling space around the induction coil 2 which will be filled with grout during the injection of this part. It should be realized that this is very advantageous, since the hardened grout of the anchor body 7 effectively seals the volume around the induction coil 2 against a water inlet, for example due to the underground water that is present. In addition, thermal insulation is performed as mentioned above. Therefore, the arrangement of the induction coil 2 directly on the traction elements 4 (and without support tube and / or without an arrangement on top of the common cladding duct) is not only of simpler design but also presents advantageous characteristics.
    In FIG. 3, another possible embodiment of a pretensioned anchoring device 13 is shown, namely what is called a pressure body anchor as a compression type anchor. The anchoring device 13 with a pressure body has a similar design to that of the prestressing anchor 1 which is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The essential difference with respect to the anchor of figs. 1 and 2 is the introduction of the anchor force into the anchoring body 7 by a compression anchoring unit 21 comprising an induction generating device which allows the separation of the traction elements at this point and allows therefore, removing the entire length L of the traction elements 4. Therefore, it can be guaranteed that there is no more or almost no more steel (prestressed) in the anchor body 7 respectively in the construction field. The anchoring device 13 with a pressure body in FIG. 3 comprises three anchoring units 21, 21 ', 21 "by compression which are, relative to the state of the ground, located at an equal distance along the anchoring length 12 of the anchoring body 7. Of course, another number of compression anchor units (for example, only one) is also conceivable Each of the anchoring units 21, 21 ', 21 "by compression contains a fraction of the overall number of traction elements In this way, the tractive force can be distributed along the anchor length 12 and transferred to the surrounding soil along that length.
    Each of the traction elements 4 in a bundle 3 of traction elements is protected by a single cladding duct 15 over its entire length h. The single cladding duct terminates at the front of the compression anchoring unit to which the respective pulling member 4 is connected. Each anchoring unit 21, 21 ', 21 "by compression comprises an induction generating device 2, 2", 2 "in the form of an induction coil, an anchoring plate 32 with or without a spiral 31 or a casting of particular shape and one or more anchor heads 33 as can be seen in Fig. 4. Each induction coil 2, 2 ", 2" is positioned little upstream or in the inner part of the anchoring unit 21, 21 ', 21 "by compression on the one or more traction elements 4 which are spaced apart and fixed to the anchor plate 32 or to the casting. Another possible design is to position the induction coils 2, 2 ', 2 "directly on the anchor head 33 (or the anchor heads if more than one head is used). are not attached to the anchor unit 21 by pressure extending thereon to the next pressure anchoring unit 21 ', etc. The pressure anchoring body is designed so as to obtain optimal transmission of force in the anchoring body 7. Preferably, it is designed as a casting which may comprise a main flange as anchor plate and one or more ribs for partial force introduction into the body of the body. 7. It is formed with space for the passage of traction elements to the following pressure anchoring units 21 ', 21 ", etc. If necessary, one or more holes in the casting provide deaeration of its inner portion to obtain complete filling with grout. The casting may be steel, aluminum, fiber reinforced plastic or (cement) grout with high compressive strength, with or without reinforcement. Of course, if necessary, a spiral 31 may be added to increase the compressive strength of the hardened grout of the anchor body 7 (as shown in Fig. 4). By applying an electric current of a frequency from 0.1 kHz to 40 kHz to the respective induction coil 2, 2 ', 2 ", the prestressed traction element or elements 4 which are connected to the Anchoring unit 21, 21 ', 21 "by respective compression will be heated and will break in this area. In this way, the complete length 12 of the respective pulling member (s) 4 can be removed.
    Figs. 4a to 4d show possible relative arrangements of the induction generating device 2 with respect to the traction elements 4. As can be seen further in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4a to 4d, each pulling element 4 comprises a plurality of stranded (braided) cables 14, seven cables 14 being used for each pulling element 4, as is generally used for prestressing strands. Similarly, depending on the anchor force, one or a plurality of traction elements 4 are used for the entire beam 3. The spacer 20 is also shown, the spacer 20 being surrounded by the hardened grout of the anchor body 7.
    FIG. 4a shows a first variation of the assembly for an at least partially removable temporary anchoring device, the induction generating device in the form of the induction coil 2 being located closely on the beam 3 of elements of In this variation, the induction generating device is a ready-to-use cylindrical induction coil 2 comprising induction coil loops made of highly heat-resistant electrical cable. As shown, the bundle 3 together with the induction coil 2 is centered in the spacer 20 and the borehole 9. The spacer 20 protects the induction coil 2 against damage during the mounting in the borehole. The grout that surrounds the induction coil 2 in the spacer element 20 provides a seal against the ingress of water and further thermal insulation, the heat generated by the induction coil 2 being able to heat the heating elements. tension 4 equally preloaded to generate a safe break of the traction elements 4.
    FIG. 4b shows a second variation of the assembly, similar to that of FIG. 4a. In this variation, the induction generating device is a ready-to-use cylindrical induction coil 2 comprising
    权利要求:
    Claims (23)
    [1]
    Induction coil made of current electrical cable with PVC insulation material. Spacers 18 are located on certain areas of the outer circumference of the beam 3 of traction elements 4. The spacers 18 provide a certain spacing between the induction coil 2 and each of the traction elements 4, which can be filled with grout . After curing the grout, the grout provides thermal shielding for the PVC material of the induction coil
    [2]
    2. The spacers of non-magnetic material are arranged between the induction coil 2 and the traction elements 4. Their shape is designed according to the number of traction elements 4 in a bundle 3 of traction elements 4 to provide sufficient space between the traction elements 4 and the induction coil 2 for filling with grout during grouting and thus obtaining a heat shield for the induction coil 2 by the hardened grout. The role of the spacing element 20 is the same as that described in FIG. 4a. FIG. 4c shows in turn a third variation of the device for a temporary anchoring device at least partially removable. The induction coil 2 is in loops of the electrical conductor 12 which provides an electric current to the induction generating device. The induction coil 2 is clamped on the bundle 3 of traction elements by a contact with a tight fit which is the result for example of the spacing of the traction elements 4 of the bundle 3 by a spacer device. In the variation shown, the loops of the induction coil 2 are spaced from the beam 3 by spacers 18. However, depending on the material of the conductor 12, the spacers 18 may also be omitted. FIG. 4d shows an embodiment of the induction generating device 2 similar to that of FIG. 4a but with an additional conduit that surrounds the complete arrangement. In this variation, the induction generating device 2 and a traction element 4 or the bundle 3 of traction elements 4 are surrounded by a conduit or a plastic hose 19; 10 in PE, PP or PVC to provide protection against corrosion. For most permanent anchors, preferably, a corrugated sheath duct 19 is used, in which case the corrugated sheath duct is sealed internally and externally to transfer the load of the pulling member (s) 4 to the duct, and then corrugated conduit to the ground. However, it is also possible to use the common sheath duct or retractable pipe in the area of the induction generating device 2. The induction generating device 2 in the form of a cylindrical induction coil is ready for use. use comprising induction coil loops made of highly heat-resistant electrical conductor is tightly located on the traction elements 4. A filling duct 16 for sealing the inner part of the anchoring device is housed in the beam 3 instead of one of the traction elements 4. The spacer 20 protects the anchor during assembly and the center in the borehole, which will be sealed later, as already explained. The designs shown in Figs. 4a to 4d (and other designs not shown here) may be used in combination with the prestressing anchor 1 according to FIG. 1 and with the anchor 13 with pressure body, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 (or even with different types of anchoring device, not explicitly shown here). Figs. 5a and 5b show a section of the bundle 3 of traction elements 4 along the free anchoring length I · ,, where the bundle 3 is still surrounded by the common sheath duct 10. The individual traction elements 4 can be wrapped by a single cladding duct 15 (as in Fig. 5a), but this is not required (as in Fig. 5b). The cladding ducts 10 and 15 allow the free elongation of the traction elements 4 by the application of the prestressing force and a protection against corrosion. The electrical conductors 12 for supplying the inductive generation device with electrical current may also be surrounded by a conductive conduit 17 and housed in the common cladding duct. Alternatively or in addition, the electrical conductors 12 could be guided with or without a conductive conduit 17 arranged along the outside of the cladding duct 10 common. The common cladding duct may be omitted if it is not used. Although in the illustrated embodiment, the number of traction elements 4 is still chosen to be seven, it is of course possible to add and / or remove traction elements 4 to increase and / or or reduce the number of traction elements 4 in the beam 3. In this way, the mechanical capacity of the respective anchor 1 and 13 can be suitably adapted. Only in order to be complete, it should be mentioned that the number of individual cables 14 in a single traction element 4 can also be different. It is also possible to mix traction elements 4 with a (partly) variable number of individual cables 14. claims
    Assembly for an at least partially removable anchoring device (1; 13) having an anchoring body (7), comprising at least one traction element (4) and an induction generating device (2) characterized in that said induction generating device (2) is arranged at least partially directly adjacent said at least one traction element (4).
    2. Assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that said induction generating device is designed as a separate device, in particular separated from said at least one traction element (4).
    [3]
    3. Assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said induction generating device comprises at least one electric conductor loop, preferably an electric coil (2).
    [4]
    4. An assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that said induction generating device comprises a plurality of electrical conductor loops which are arranged one above the other, in particular characterized by an electric coil (2) comprising a plurality of layers.
    [5]
    5. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said induction generating device (2) is arranged with a clearance with respect to said at least one traction element (4).
    [6]
    6. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchoring device (1; 13) comprises at least one cladding duct (10) common, said at least one traction element (4) being arranged in said common sheath duct (10).
    [7]
    7. Assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that a sealing element (22) is located at the end of the cladding duct (10) common side of the anchor body (7) of the device d anchoring (1; 13).
    [8]
    8. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchoring device (1; 13) comprises a plurality of traction elements (4) and at least one spacer (11) to separate these traction elements (4).
    [9]
    9. Assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that each element of the plurality of traction elements (4) of the anchoring device (1; 13) is positioned in a single cladding duct (15).
    [10]
    10. Assembly according to one of claims 8 and 9, characterized in that said spacing device (11) is arranged next to said induction generating device (2), the spacing of the traction elements (4) preferably causing a centering of said induction generating device (2) with respect to the traction elements (4).
    [11]
    11. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a spacer element (20) is arranged around the induction generating device (2) for centering and maintaining a distance between the induction generating device (2) and the borehole (9), respectively its environment.
    [12]
    12. Assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that spacers (18) are located between the induction generating device (2) and said at least one traction element (4).
    [13]
    Assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that the induction generating device (2) is assembled directly adjacent said spacers (18) on at least one traction element (4) and / or the spacing device (11) to separate said traction elements (4).
    [14]
    14. An anchoring device (1; 13) at least partially removable, comprising an assembly according to one of claims 1 to 13.
    [15]
    Anchoring device (13) according to claim 14, the anchoring device being designed as a compression type anchor comprising at least one anchoring unit (21, 21 ', 21 ") by compression, a device induction generator (2) of the assembly according to one of claims 1 to 13 being mounted close to each of the at least one anchoring unit (21, 21 ', 21 ") by compression and / or directly at the of his respective anchor heads.
    [16]
    16. Anchoring device (1; 13) according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that said induction generating device (2) is mounted away from the end of the sheath duct (10) common and / or single cladding duct (15) on the side of the anchor body (7).
    [17]
    Anchoring device (1; 13) according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that said induction generating device (2) is mounted directly in the common cladding duct (10).
    [18]
    18. Anchoring device (1; 13) according to one of claims 14 to 17, the injection grout being arranged between the induction generating device (2) and said at least one traction element (4). .
    [19]
    19. Anchoring device (1; 13) according to one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that said induction generating device (2) and said at least one traction element (4) are surrounded by a retractable hose.
    [20]
    20. Anchoring device (1; 13) according to one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that the anchoring length (12) of the anchoring device (1; 13) is surrounded by a cladding duct. (19) corrugated.
    [21]
    Anchoring device (1; 13) according to claim 20, characterized in that the corrugated cladding duct (19) is surrounded by the spacer (20) and that grout is injected internal and external to the corrugated cladding duct (19) and the spacer (20).
    [22]
    22. Anchoring device (1; 13) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchoring device (1; 13) further comprises separating material for wrapping the assembly comprising the induction generation (2) and said at least one traction element (4).
    [23]
    23. Anchoring device (1; 13) according to claim 22, characterized in that said at least one spacer element (20) is arranged inside the separation material.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3111015B1|2019-12-11|
    EP3111015A1|2017-01-04|
    WO2015127959A1|2015-09-03|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    CH603919A5|1976-04-02|1978-08-31|Losinger Ag|Releasing free section of tie anchor|
    CH661079A5|1983-01-13|1987-06-30|Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REMOVING THE FREE PART OF THE TENSION MEMBER OF A PRELOADED PRESSURE ANCHOR.|
    CH681835A5|1992-08-17|1993-05-28|Toni Baer|
    DE19500091C1|1995-01-04|1996-04-04|Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag|Predetermined rupture position prodn. on tensile member of insert anchor|
    CH702926B9|2007-10-09|2011-12-30|Stahlton Ag|Apparatus for an at least partially expandable anchor and method for at least partial expansion of an anchor.|EP3951066A1|2020-08-03|2022-02-09|BBR VT International Ltd.|A method of testing a structure, an assembly for testing a structure, and use of an assembly for testing a structure|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/EP2014/053626|WO2015127959A1|2014-02-25|2014-02-25|Removable anchor|
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